Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Chiefly migratory, although some birds in Iceland and W Europe virtually resident. Much overlap between subspecies in winter range, but in general smallest birds (N Scandinavia) winter farthest S (typically W Africa); while largest (Iceland) winter on average farthest N (Iceland to North Sea). Migration through Europe is Sw- SSW, except for Atlantic Is; presumably on broad front overland and along coast; birds wintering in W Africa may cross Sahara on passage. In Asia, movements noted through Japan, Mongolia, E China (Chichi Plains), Hong Kong and Korea (Scarce); breeders of Altai and Novosibirsk area and probably C Siberia winter in India. A few birds remain in winter quarters all year. Occurs annually in small numbers in NW & N Australia. In nominate race, W African winterers migrate N from late Apr to May, when S breeders already incubating; these S birds migrate S in Jul (adults) and mid-Aug to early Sept (juveniles).   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1996)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1996) - www.hbw.com,
• Copyright: GROMS/BfN - www.groms.de
  
  (A digitised version of this map is published in GIS shape format on the GROMS CD).