Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Mostly migratory, though some populations move only short distances. Migrates overland on broad fronts, but largest number pass through coastal sites. Movements over Europe mainly SSW-SW. Wadden Sea used by many Fenno-Scandian birds as stopover and moulting site from late Apr to mid-May; some move to Morocco. Most palearctic birds are trans-Saharan migrants. Some non-breeders remain S all year. Spring migration more direct, without large coastal concentrations. Birds from Russia wintering in Africa are presumed to cross E & S Europe. In E Asia, passes through Kuril Is, Commander Is, Korea, Japan, NE China and New Guinea, mainly to coastal N Australia. Females start migration in late Jun, but most adults arrive in Wadden Sea in Jul, followed by juveniles in Aug. Arrives in S Africa and Australia Aug-Sept, and begins N migration as early as Mar; arrival in W Australia may perhaps be followed by movement towards E & S; numbers in SE Australia continue to increase until Mar.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1996)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1996) - www.hbw.com,
• Copyright: GROMS/BfN - www.groms.de
  
  (A digitised version of this map is published in GIS shape format on the GROMS CD).