Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Migratory and dispersive, notoriously nomadic. Post-breeding dispersal of adults and young birds (often in separate flocks) in all directions, with frequent records N of breeding range. In Europe, migrates S in autumn, probably mostly to sub-Saharan Africa. In South Africa, some birds sedentary, some disperse N after breeding as far as Zambia. In Australia, birds breeding in S migrate N in winter, erratic local movements elsewhere, probably related to rainfall, vagrant to New Zealand. Tends to fly in formations   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1992)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1992) - www.hbw.com,
• Copyright: GROMS/BfN - www.groms.de
  
  (A digitised version of this map is published in GIS shape format on the GROMS CD).