Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Migratory; only partially migratory in Britain and Ireland. Icelandic population leaves late Sep to early Nov, probably wintering mainly in Ireland, and in W Britain, W France and Iberia; birds from Scandinavia to Siberia winter from Britain and Netherlands to N Africa, but mainly in S Britain, France, Iberia and Maghrib; birds from Taymyr possibly fly across W Siberia and Kazakhstan and also S along R Yenisey across taiga, towards Caspian Sea and Mediterranean. Adults leave breeding areas late Jul to early Sept, juveniles Oct-Nov. N extremes of wintering distribution left as soon as frost starts, but soon reoccupied as weather improves. Ringing recoveries suggest more E route during return migration. In Netherlands and W Germany numbers from in Apr and early May, and breeding areas reoccupied in May or early Jun on N tundra. In Britain, birds do not generally move far from breeding areas, which are abandoned in Jul-Feb.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1996)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1996) - www.hbw.com,
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