Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Mostly migratory; S populations either partially so or resident. Wholly resident in Cyprus; mallorcae present all year in Balearics and S & E Spain, although winter numbers considerably reduced, emigrants presumably making short-distance migrations to Africa, where several trapped in N during passage periods; cycladum largely migratory, some birds winter in S Italy and S Greece; Pakistan breeders winter largely in S Pakistan, some probably in W India. Remaining populations apparently all long-distance migrants, leaving breeding grounds from Aug onwards; most reach Afrotropical savanna regions in winter; return migration from late Mar. Overshooting migrants in spring occasionally reach N & NW Europe. Family may stay together during migration.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1999)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1999) - www.hbw.com,
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