Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Migration on broad front, often overland, characterized by long distance flights between relatively few staging sites and wintering areas. S migration late Jun to Oct, return passage Feb-Apr. Many 1-year olds spend summer in winter quarters. Race islandica migrates via Ireland to coasts of British Is, France, Spain and Portugal, and some to Morocco. Main body of limosa population winters in W Africa S of Sahara, Sept-Mar, flying through France and Iberia, and pausing in N Morocco to moult; may have more easterly route back to breeding grounds; populations from C & E Europe and Russia winter in sub-Saharan Africa from Mali and L Chad eastwards; they fly in broad front between Balkans and Black Sea; breeding birds from Kazakhstan winter in India. Origin of wintering birds in E Spain and Tunisia unknown. Race melanuroides migrates through Mongolia, Ussuriland, Manchuria, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Hainan and China, some passing through Indochina, SE Asia and Malay Peninsula; staging areas in SE Sumatra used on S migration towards Australia. During N migration may roost in concentrations of up to 12,000 birds in moist pastures, in Netherlands.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1996)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1996) - www.hbw.com,
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