Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

Use the GROMS database for dynamic search for migratory species, new links and references.

Partially migratory. Winters from edge of ice to N USA, N Europe and Japan, casually further S. W Palearctic birds remain in breeding range, moving S ahead of ice. E Siberian birds winter on coasts of E Asia to Japan.. Alaskan breeders winter from Aleutians to California. Those breeding in E Canada winter sparingly to Middle Atlantic States. Adults leave Greenland in early Sept, while young linger until freeze-up. In some winters, occurs in S in large numbers than usual.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1996)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1996) - www.hbw.com,
• Copyright: GROMS/BfN - www.groms.de