Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Nominate exilis performs widespread post-breeding dispersal, and also long distance migration from N of range, leaving in Sept-Nov and returning in Feb-Apr, or in May in extreme N; winters from S USA through C America and Caribbean to N South America; birds from W USA migrate through W Mexico as far as Costa Rica. Migration apparently takes place by night. Straggler to N of breeding range in British Columbia and Newfoundland; accidental to Iceland and Azores. Other races seem to be sedentary, though can apparently perform some movements due to failure of seasonal rains.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1992)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1992) - www.hbw.com,
• Copyright: GROMS/BfN - www.groms.de
  
  (A digitised version of this map is published in GIS shape format on the GROMS CD).