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Nominate race a migrant, present in far N of range May to mid-Sept, exceptionally late Mar on coast. Migrates through S California mid-Apr to early May, with weaker autumn passage peaking early Sept, though continuing to early Oct, migrants leaving the state by mid-Oct. Recorded SE Farallon Is, 42 km W of San Francisco, in similar numbers over 22 years, in spring 813 in early-late May, and in autumn 803 early Sept to late Oct. Recorded E to Louisiana and Florida Passage through NW Mexico Apr-May and mid-Sept to Oct; nominate race present C Mexico to W Honduras, mid-Sept to May. Incidence of wintering in California increasing, small flocks occurring mainly in S, though wintering as far as NW California not unknown.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1999)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1999) - www.hbw.com,
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