Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Mostly nomadic, though some populations possibly intra-African migrants, depending on rainfall; southernmost populations in South Africa usually present only Fe-Aug; some birds from Sahel may migrate to S Africa Mar- Jul; in parts of Zaire, present only Mar-Jun, and in Malawi and Zambia Apr-Nov; departs from Zimbabwe at onset of rains in late Nov or early Dec, though remains in W of the country throughout rains, moving only very locally. Present in Cameroon savannas Nov-Mar, arriving at beginning of dry season to breed. Much local nomadism governed by burning of grassy understory of savannas. On playing fields in Ghana, Jul-Nov, in flocks of up to 27 birds, moving to open burnt grassland Jan-Mar. In Gambia, 30-40 birds around Yundum Airport, Jan- Feb 1976. Vagrant to Sierra Leone.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1996)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1996) - www.hbw.com,
• Copyright: GROMS/BfN - www.groms.de
  
  (A digitised version of this map is published in GIS shape format on the GROMS CD).