Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Long distance migrant; non-stop flights of up to 4000 km; flocks of up to 350,000 birds may gather at key stopover sites. Few move to S Florida, most to West Indies and N South America, mainly Surinam and French Guiana. Alaskan birds move across Great Plains, sometimes farther E, especially on way S. C population migrates by James Bay, upper Bay of Fundy and W Atlantic; return migration across Gulf of Mexico and Great Plains. E Canadian population crosses W Atlantic to West Indies, with return migration up Atlantic coast. About two thirds of juveniles spend summer on wintering grounds. High fidelity to staging areas and breeding grounds, but unknown for wintering grounds.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1996)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1996) - www.hbw.com,
• Copyright: GROMS/BfN - www.groms.de
  
  (A digitised version of this map is published in GIS shape format on the GROMS CD).