Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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North American birds migrate to both Pacific and Atlantic coasts, wintering from Mexico (rarely) and Panama S to Peru, and from the Gulf Coast to N south America; accidental in Chile and Argentina. Many non-breeding birds, failed breeders or early migrants reach the coast by mid-summer; fairly common (formerly abundant) migrant off both coasts of Costa Rica; 1 st-year summer along Pacific coast. Arrives back on breeding grounds in Apr. Palearctic birds often disperses N after breeding, with sometimes very large concentrations e.g. in S North Sea; migrates in huge numbers through Mediterranean; and also across N Africa (even over deserts), to main wintering grounds on tropical W African coasts from Mauritania to Namibia, some reaching South Africa; some winter in Nile Valley. Adults begin southbound migration by Aug, juveniles about a month later. Occasional birds linger over winter on Black and Caspian Seas.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1996)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1996) - www.hbw.com,
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