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An intra-African migrant in N and S, arriving on breeding grounds with rains and abundance of caterpillars. In far W Africa, breeds in Mauritania and migrates to Senegal and Gambia, where recent records are all in Nov- Dec; in Mali, present May-Oct; in Togo and Nigeria mainly seasonal, in N in Apr-Sept and in S in dry season; in savanna and forest edge in Gabon, juveniles appear as rare migrants in Dec. In E Africa a diurnal migrant, observed to move NW over Serengeti Plains in Feb-Mar. In S Africa, appears in E Cape in late Oct; moves towards more equatorial woodlands for dry season. Black morph serratus appears in austral winter N to Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan and Chad, occasionally wanders to W Africa. Seasonal with the rains in India, occurring NE India May -Sept and disappearing early in dry season; present in C Myanmar May to early Nov. Nominate jacobinus from India winters in E and C Africa. Race pica nearly unknown in winter in Asia ( one record Nepal), migrates to Africa, where not distinguishable from African pica: most Asian migrants move across Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean; more than 20 records in Oman and S Arabia, mainly in migration season; also observed on Seychelles during migration period.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1997)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1997) - www.hbw.com,
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