Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Adults leave breeding area in Spain in mid Jun, juveniles leave between early Jul and early Aug independently of adults. European birds mostly migrate to Africa, wintering N of 10 N, but possibly many move S of Sahara; small numbers winter in S Spain. Movements throughout range inadequately known, since breeding and non- breeding birds are indistinguishable. Birds in W Africa appear to be local migrants, though some are resident in Senegal; occurrence in Gambia irregular, involving mostly juveniles from farther N, but occasionally breeds; apparently random occurrence throughout much of Sierra Leone. Species is present locally in E Africa all year, and local migrants occur here as well, notably in passage across Serengeti plains Jan - March. Local movements occur in Cape region of S Africa. In Israel/ Palestine, local breeders arrive mid December to end of March, most having left by Jun, with passage of populations from farther N noted late Jan to end of May and Jul - Nov; occasional migrants recorded Arabia. Rare winter records from Middle East. Vagrant to Britain, N Europe and Russia.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1997)

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