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Migratory, at night. Over-water flight in autumn of 2000-3000 km to West Indies, from where it moves further S, or 4000-km direct flight from breeding range to mainland of South America; also migrates overland, where records in Panama Sept-Nov and Apr. Rare in S Florida in winter; seasonal in Greater Antilles, where not seen Dec - Feb. Northbound migrants appear in Florida through May and into Jun, and possible southbound migrants appear by early Sept; in Netherlands Antilles, main autumn passage mid Oct to early Nov. Winters in South America E of Andes, from Colombia and Venezuela to Brazil ( Mato Grosso), Uruguay and N Argentina; rare in Central America, and in the Guianas occurs mainly during passage periods ( Oct, Nov, April). Remains in spring as late as early Jun in Surinam. Transatlantic vagrant in autumn to Greenland, W Europe, Morocco, Azores.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1997)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1997) - www.hbw.com,
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