Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Extensive post-breeding dispersal. Populations of Palearctic and Nearctic partially migratory with some dispersive movements; tropical populations sedentary. E Asian birds migrate to SE Asia and Philippines, whereas birds from rest of Palearctic move to Mediterranean, Middle East, Persian Gulf and Pakistan. Birds of E USA winter S along coast to Bahamas and West Indies; W birds move S towards California, Mexico and C America; populations of Mississippi Basin move S to Gulf coast. Australian populations generally dispersive, although some regular seasonal movements occur, which might be migratory; sometimes irruptive, e.g. moving from interior to coast during droughts; occasionally to New Zealand; New Zealand population. Vagrant to islands of subantarctic, Seychelles, Canary Is, N and C Europe; several recent records of race modesta in Europe.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1992)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1992) - www.hbw.com,
• Copyright: GROMS/BfN - www.groms.de
  
  (A digitised version of this map is published in GIS shape format on the GROMS CD).