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Migratory , wintering in C Mexico S to W Panama, and also in F Florida (USA); arrives on breeding grounds Apr and May, departs for wintering areas Aug and Sept, arriving Sept and Oct. Some authors have suggested that the principal migration route crosses the Gulf of Mexico; however, although many birds are found along the northern Gulf coast in spring, data documenting actual trans-Gulf flight, like mid-Gulf records from ships, observations of arriving birds in Yucatan, or grounding of trans-Gulf migrants by storm and headwinds, are few; recorded in Greater Antilles, Bahamas and Bermuda. Texas data indicate that a major portion of the population follows a circum-Gulf route in both autumn and spring.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1999)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1999) - www.hbw.com,
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