Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Migratory in northernmost and southernmost parts of range. Spanish population present early May to Aug-Oct, some recorded into early Dec, with autumn migration through Straits of Gibraltar mid-Aug to mid-Oct; S African population present Aug-May, mainly absent from S Cape and much reduced farther N within S breeding range Jun-Jul. Poorly understood wet-season movements into Sahel may be feature of N sub-Saharan populations. Otherwise resident. Migrates in flocks of up to 100. S African migrants may be transequatorial. Some degree of altitudinal migration in Natal. First record from Rabia 1982, and seen at least once subsequently in Tihamah coastal plains, Saudi Arabia, in Mar 1989. Vagrant to Norway (May, Jun) and Finland (Nov).   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1999)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1999) - www.hbw.com,
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