Species fact sheet by Global Register of Migratory Species - www.groms.de

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Present year-round in breeding range, but considerable numbers move S in autumn, at least in E North America; S movement begins Sept-Nov in E Canada and NE USA, and Oct-Nov farther S; females migrate earlier than males. Common routes are from C Ontario down Ohio R valley to Kentucky; from Atlantic coastal lowlands from Nova Scotia to North Carolina; and around L Superior from Minnesota to Wisconsin, then S and/or E; however, does not strictly adhere to these routes. In W, movements poorly documented, but probably altitudinal as well as latitudinal. Migrates throughout suppressed by full moon and strong, gusty winds. Accidental Bermuda.   (del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (eds), 1999)

• digitised by GROMS, after del Hoyo J A Elliott; J Sargatal (eds) (1999) - www.hbw.com,
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